{"id":11,"date":"2021-10-17T18:42:03","date_gmt":"2021-10-17T18:42:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prompt-depression.org\/?page_id=11"},"modified":"2023-10-27T11:42:21","modified_gmt":"2023-10-27T11:42:21","slug":"about","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.prompt-depression.org\/index.php\/about\/","title":{"rendered":"About Depression"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11\" class=\"elementor elementor-11\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6364a45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6364a45\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dd3a8a0\" data-id=\"dd3a8a0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d25ab9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d25ab9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d1c80e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d1c80e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-676c050\" data-id=\"676c050\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-025db68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"025db68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About Depression<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9e8de6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9e8de6d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29348ec\" data-id=\"29348ec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49794f6 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"49794f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d5edcdc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d5edcdc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc5d94c\" data-id=\"fc5d94c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72e9427 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72e9427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide (WHO, 2017).<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4194c36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4194c36\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1dfbf05\" data-id=\"1dfbf05\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df07194 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df07194\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong> Incidence of Depression in Europe<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The incidence of current depressive disorder in Europe is on average <strong>6.38%<\/strong>, with important variation across countries (Jorge, Arias-de la Torre, et al., 2021).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d3b9984 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d3b9984\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8bab52e\" data-id=\"8bab52e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ed2235 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ed2235\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong> Gender difference in the incidence of depression<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Prevalence is substantially higher among women than among men in almost all European countries. In particular, <strong>the incidence is 4.89% for men, and 7.74% for women<\/strong> (Jorge, Arias-de la Torre, et al., 2021).\u00a0Female depressive patients show greater severity, earlier age of onset, and increased duration of depressive episodes as compared to male patients (LeGates et al., 2019).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-087af6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"087af6d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-821dc72\" data-id=\"821dc72\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90adb24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90adb24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong> Etiology and influencing factors<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Several factors<\/strong> play a critical role in determining the susceptibility for depression and influence the response to treatments (Silva et al., 2021):<\/p>\n<p>\u25ca Biological dysfunction<\/p>\n<p>\u25ca Genetic factors<\/p>\n<p>\u25ca Psychological characteristics<\/p>\n<p>\u25ca Personality traits<\/p>\n<p>\u25ca Environmental stressors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e67eb69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e67eb69\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e185432\" data-id=\"e185432\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cebba94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cebba94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Diagnosis and treatment<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Despite the availability of different classes of antidepressant drugs, the success of pharmacological treatment is still unsatisfactory. The efficacy also differs between the sexes (LeGates et al., 2019).<\/p>\n<p>Advances in <strong>molecular psychiatry<\/strong> show extraordinary promise for the development of improved diagnostic approaches and pharmacogenetic tools that may help to personalize drug treatments, and allow more efficient selection of pharmacotherapies tailored to an individual based on unique genetic characteristics (Bradley et al., 2018).<\/p>\n<p>The use of an <strong>individual&#8217;s molecular and clinical data<\/strong> to personalize treatment promises to transform psychiatry by replacing the standard trial and error approach to pharmacotherapy with more precise and targeted drug selection strategies (McCarthy et al., 2020).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b2806b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3b2806b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2bd0e9b\" data-id=\"2bd0e9b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c5b547 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9c5b547\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7edaa7b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7edaa7b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-507a083\" data-id=\"507a083\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9863e80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9863e80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>References<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Arias-de la Torre, J., Vilagut, G., Ronaldson, A., Serrano-Blanco, A., Mart\u00edn, V., Peters, M., &#8230; &amp; Alonso, J. (2021). Prevalence and variability of current depressive disorder in 27 European countries: a population-based study. The Lancet Public Health, 6(10), e729-e738.<\/p>\n<p>Bradley, P., Shiekh, M., Mehra, V., Vrbicky, K., Layle, S., Olson, M. C., &#8230; &amp; Lukowiak, A. A. (2018). Improved efficacy with targeted pharmacogenetic-guided treatment of patients with depression and anxiety: a randomized clinical trial demonstrating clinical utility. Journal of psychiatric research, 96, 100-107.<\/p>\n<p>LeGates, T. A., Kvarta, M. D., &amp; Thompson, S. M. (2019). Sex differences in antidepressant efficacy. Neuropsychopharmacology, 44(1), 140-154.<\/p>\n<p>McCarthy, M. J., Chen, Y., Demodena, A., Fisher, E., Golshan, S., Suppes, T., &amp; Kelsoe, J. R. (2020). Attitudes on pharmacogenetic testing in psychiatric patients with treatment\u2010resistant depression. Depression and anxiety, 37(9), 842-850.<\/p>\n<p>Silva, R. C., Maffioletti, E., Gennarelli, M., Baune, B. T., &amp; Minelli, A. (2021). Biological correlates of early life stressful events in major depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 125, 105103.<\/p>\n<p>WHO. Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2017.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5995665 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5995665\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d45873\" data-id=\"5d45873\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ade669 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1ade669\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ccb58a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ccb58a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42b5ea8\" data-id=\"42b5ea8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad09c7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ad09c7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About Depression Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide (WHO, 2017). Incidence of Depression in Europe The incidence of current depressive disorder in Europe is on average 6.38%, with important variation across countries (Jorge, Arias-de la Torre, et al., 2021). Gender difference in the incidence of depression Prevalence is substantially higher among&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.prompt-depression.org\/index.php\/about\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">About Depression<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"on","neve_meta_content_width":100,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"on","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prompt-depression.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prompt-depression.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prompt-depression.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prompt-depression.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prompt-depression.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11"}],"version-history":[{"count":72,"href":"https:\/\/www.prompt-depression.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1573,"href":"https:\/\/www.prompt-depression.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11\/revisions\/1573"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prompt-depression.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}